Energy-Auto Inc. Essay

Read the Hypothetical Case Problem #1 at the end of Chapter 1 and respond to these questions: 1. If Javier sued Energy-Auto Inc., identify who would be the plaintiff and the defendant. 2. In which state or states can the suit be brought? 3. Assume that Javier incurred $100,000 in damages. a) Analyze whether the suit can be brought in federal court b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of federal versus state court for this type of suit. Case 1. Javier is traveling from his home in New York to Dallas, Texas. While driving through Oklahoma, his brakes fail and he is injured in the ensuing crash. Javier wants to sue the maker of his car, Energy-Auto Inc. Energy’s headquarters is in New York. It does not have any dealerships in Oklahoma or do any advertising in Oklahoma. In this case Javier was driving his car from New York to Dallas, Texas when his brakes failed in Oklahoma where he injured himself. Javier would be the plaintiff because he is the one suing, and Energy- Auto Company would be the defendant in this matter because this company is the one being sued. The suit would then have to be brought in the state of New York considering that this company does not have dealerships in Oklahoma nor does it do any advertising. This would give personal jurisdiction to New York and not Oklahoma. Had this Auto Company adver tised or had any dealerships in Oklahoma then this case could be brought to the courts of Oklahoma for jurisdiction. New York courts can refuse to hear this case and with Javier being a resident of Dallas could possibly have his case heard there considering the fact that Javier has incurred $100,000 in damages he could possibly be immobile from an accident like that. This case can also be brought to federal court for the simple fact that both the plaintiff and defendant are both out of state parties, and would be heard at federal court under diversity jurisdiction. The advantage of federal versus state court would be a judge wouldn’t lose its job for making the wrong ruling in this case which is why its sent to federal court and rulings are heard from a judge that has been appointed forever or until he/she is impeached or reaches retirement. This allows in my opinion, room for fair equal treatment. Disadvantage would be state vs. federal court is the state wouldn’t hav e subject matter jurisdiction in this  case and wouldn’t know how to handle it.

Philosophy Statement on Adult Education Essay

For human beings, learning appears to be unstoppable and insatiable. People are always craving, curious and willing to learn new things every time. New information or methodology never fails to excite the curiosity and interest of the people thus inspiring learning attitude and enthusiasm. Even though at adult age or middle age, the rate of learning enthusiasm of the people never declines and sometimes it even increases with every year that passed on someone’ life. This idea is attributed to many factors that includes the psychological and emotional maturity of the person’s perspective towards learning and education, which is characterized by an upsurge in the degree of seriousness and willingness. Some cases are attributed to factors such as financial capabilities or time availability but most of the cases are because of the personal reason within the individual. Thus, adult education is a conventional and constructive approach to the learning process because it based on the humanistic and progressive philosophies of the human being. Adult Education The Corley and Stedman define adult education as â€Å"all forms of schooling and learning programs in which adults participate. Unlike other types of education, adult education is defined by the student population rather than by the content or complexity of a learning program (2005). † Accordingly, it is the learning process and enthusiastic approach of adults to the world of knowledge and information through the use of the schooling methodologies whether formal or informal. There are actually many reasons why an adult wants to participate in the education process. Some adults reasoned out that they want to learn new things and information which are not yet available during their schooling periods thus they want to be updated. Others want to develop or enhance their skills by taking either a masteral or a doctorate degree on their field of career or acquire skills on a new career they wish to embrace. While other, commonly the people who have not yet experienced schooling process or became literate, wants to learn the basic skills which they have not yet learned. Because of different reasons, the adult education programs offered at the present caters to different motives or needs. These programs ranged from categories such as literacy training, community development, university credit programs, on-the-job training and continuing professional education (Corley & Stedman, 2005). In addition, due to the surging demand and popularity of the idea of adult education many institutions have already established facilities and programs to accommodate the interested students. Programs vary in organization from casual, incidental learning to formal college credit courses. Institutions offering education to adults include colleges, libraries, museums, social service and government agencies, businesses, and churches (Corley & Stedman, 2005). Conclusion Adult education is normal process and something that should not be subjected to discrimination and subjection because learning is a human impulse or need that can be satisfied or fulfilled regardless of age and social status. Age and time should not be a hindrance to the acquisition of skills, information and literacy. Humans regardless of age always have humanistic and progressive philosophical aspects that continuously crave for enhance and learning to aid the development of a person in all aspects. Education whether in form of literacy, practical knowledge or scientific information will help the person realized and fully understand himself or herself and his or her environment thus continuous attainment of knowledge is important and adult education is one means of attaining it.

Use of descriptive statistics in my job as HR professional Assignment

Use of descriptive statistics in my job as HR professional - Assignment Example Human Resource is a broad area in business that looks into the strategies used in recruiting, training, remunerating and firing employees. As a result, a lot of data is maintained by HR departments in several organizations in forms such as charts, graphs and other data. In the line of my job, I make use of several statistical methods in preparation of reports, training and analysis of human resource issues. During my stint as the head of recruitment, I undertook several recruitment drives as well as teaching staff on the prudent means of undertaking their duties. In such scenarios I made use of charts, to highlight the successes and failures that were encountered by various employees during the implementation of their tasks. Data mining is a delicate skill that is required and utilized in the human resources sector. As a result, as an HR practitioner I made use of graphs to represent different sets of data used in the training procedure. Moreover, I made use of different data sets in the planning process especially as the head of training at the KIOS Company. The training department made use of huge sets of data that required analysis and preparation for the information to be disseminated to employees. Management of HR data is quite challenging and thus we had to make use of different statistical methods and software. Software such as SPSS which is suitable for data analysis was deployed while graphs, line and bar charts were used in display of data. This essay is going to reflect on the different statistical tools that I employ in undertaking my duties.

Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuation - Essay Example Instead, they take advantage of the fact that people will feel sorry for animals and thus be forced by their emotional situation to believe that indeed human beings have been mistreating animals (Quist 101). One of such images is that of the limping dog. To help in capturing the viewers’ emotions, the commercial uses vivid language to present the image of exactly what the animals go through in the hands of brutal human beings. An example of vivid language in the commercial is when Sarah McLachlan, one of the ASPCA supporters claims that animals that had been victims of violence are out there calling for help. Most of the words and phrases that used in the commercial are aimed at appealing to the viewers emotionally instead of intellectually. This is because the main aim of the commercial is to emotionally connect the viewers to whatever the animals might be going through in terms of brutality. A good example the use of emotional language is the phrase which says that, â€Å"for hundreds of others help came

Heat Transfer from Steam to Water Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Heat Transfer from Steam to Water - Lab Report Example This research is derived from the basic knowledge of heat energy. The heat content of an object is reflected in the temperature behavior in the object. In the process of evaporation, it is clear that steam gives up the latent heat of vaporization to an object subjected to it, leading to condensation on the surface (Incropera and Dewitt 49). The object of condensation carries a sensible heat at the same temperature as that of the original steam. The experiment tests the pattern and rate of heat flow from steam to the object on which condensation takes place. In the steam, the latent heat of vaporization is generated instantly while condensation of the steam to water takes place. From the background of evaporation, the quantity of latent heat is between 2 to5 times more than the quantity of the sensible heat in the water after it cools (Fan 77). The data collected will be used to conduct analysis and test the hypothesis be plotting the relationship between the transfer rate and the rate of flow of the heat. The principal purpose of this project is to test the heat transfer as the steam changes to liquid water. This requires an important process of determining the quantity of heat energy consumed during the entire procedure of condensing the steam. It also aims to estimate the quantity of the latent heat used in other processes. Like in the case of boiling, heat is used to transform water into steam. This experiment compares the heat spent in heating water to its boiling point that released during condensation of the steam. Finally, this experiment evaluates the manner of heat transfer in condensation to find out if the temperature changes in the process. The equipment in this project includes a tank, pumps, heat exchanger, steam jet vacuum, surface condenser. This experiment is to compute the coefficient of heat transfer.  

Health Care Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Care Campaign - Essay Example To begin with, the Lets Move campaign should focus on media programs designed to promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents. Media campaigns, as a program for public health, are an effective approach because of the large number of people likely to be reached through the media (Mazzeo, Arens, Germeroth & Hein, 2012). Additionally, television and the Internet are becoming increasingly popular among the young people as attributes of advancements in information and communication technologies. Media programs for promotion of the Lets Move campaign should aim at informing parents and their children on healthy lifestyles. The design of the media messages and images should be performed effectively to capture the attention of the target audience. More significantly, the messages must be convincing to the young people by demonstrating the reasons for practicing healthy lifestyles and proper diet. Education programs within learning institutions are recommended as a strategy of fu rthering the goals of the Lets Move Campaign. It is in this sense that the government policies on education should support the campaign against obesity among the young people. ... It has been argued that childhood obesity can best be prevented through proper formal education programs. In addition to the formal education in classrooms, it is recommended for community education programs to target the parents of the young people. The community education programs should aim at informing parents on healthy eating for their children, the nutrition content of various food products within stores and the management of the eating habits of their children. They recommend scientific studies on the social, economic, and cultural behavior patterns in regard to food purchase and consumption as a way of preventing obesity among young people. The recommended studies will provide evidence based information that will aid the decision-making process with the creation of government policies in the manufacture and the retail of various food products. Therefore, the government policies on funding should be supportive of the financial incentives directed on the recommended studies. I n addition to the investigation of consumer behavior, the environmental aspects, such as lack of exercising enabling environment, must also be researched upon. The research findings should be presented to the parents, teachers, policy makers, food producers, and retailers in an effort of reducing the prevalence of obesity among the young people. Furthermore, the recommended research must be involved in the assessment of the health condition of the young people. The health assessment must be aimed at determining the current health status of the obesity predisposed children and the factors that are likely to increase their risk of developing obesity. It is through research that the issue of obesity can be investigated, and evidence-based knowledge used to control the problem

The Case of Mr.R.Abel Rowser Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The of Mr.R.Abel Rowser - Case Study Example First off, while reading the Statute, one should underline several points in it. It is all about the intent to provoke, attempts to congregate with others, willingness to disturb the peace and peaceful development of the society at the moment (Schultz and Sirico 60). Following these prescriptions of the law, it is necessary to pay attention to the postulates, so to speak, of the democratic society keeping the freedom of speech in mind. On the other hand, Mr. Rowser did not have straight-forward confrontations with the people gathered nearby at the moment of his fulfilled â€Å"gesture†. Nevertheless, the D.C. Statute pays one’s attention to the clear identification where cases of disorderly conduct take place, namely: Acts in such a manner as to annoy, disturb, interfere with, obstruct, or be offensive to others†¦shall be fined not more than $250 or imprisoned not more than 90 days, or both (Schultz and Sirico 60). It is about time to take a glimpse at the somehow similar cases, Rodgers v. United States and District of Columbia 290 A.2d 395 (D.C. 1972) and Rockwell v. District of Columbia. The question is that both of them touch upon the cases of direct and violent confrontation between appellants and the crowd or other parties. Definitely, the law defends those who live and act in line with its values and prescriptions. Thus, Mr. Rodgers as well as Mr. Rockwell intentionally provoked disorders and physical contradictions harmful for the rest of the society. In case of Mr. Rowser, this confrontation was evaded by the appellant himself, as he escaped and disappeared at the moment when the pressure grew its apogee. To say more, Mr. Rowser was not inclined to provoke a disorder by means of his behavior, as the main intention was to attract the government’s attention in the course of the military activities provided by the US. The freedom of speech is not the same as the violence and assault or an offense able to hurt feelings of other com munities within the multinational country like the United States (Rockwell’s case). Furthermore, if there is a legal restriction for trespassing a definite area, no illegal attempts to do so shall be appreciated (Rodger’s case). In addition, if the government is still blind to see the national problem from inside out, Rowser’s case omits the points stated in the D.C. Disorderly Statute. That is to say, no one can accuse him in non-patriotic intentions, but in the patriotism starting from the rational analysis of the nationwide problem still unresolved. What Mr. Rowser did not expect was the reaction of public-spirited Vietnam veterans. Probably, they thought that Mr. Rowser was a representative of some radical or terrorist groups whose argument against the USA is in burning the US flag. However, the act by Mr. Rowser was neither about yelling during the nighttime not about the disturbance in the places of public significance. First, his demonstration was silent as the main slogan was carved on his back. Second, he cut and ran while the crowd perceived his action in a wrong way, as he meant initially. Thus, the formal element of a definition of a crime is incomplete for Mr. Rowser due the aforementioned arguments on the background of other similar precedents. The Statute is still vital for re-discovery of the exact intentions of the appellants. However, if such intentions do not coincide with the points of the Statute, there is no reason to find a person guilty. By the way, the

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example The Truth and reconciliation process offers restorative form of justice that seeks to repair and solidify relationships between conflicting parties, victims and the general society. Restorative justice differs from retributive justice as it does not recognize punishment for those found guilty of facilitating conflict. The purpose of TRC in championing truth and reconciliation process is to determine and unveil truth to the public regarding the issues behind a particular conflict. Truth and reconciliation process therefore seeks to facilitate acknowledgement about a certain conflict, public mourning, healing and forgiveness among the people. In light of the above, Derek Rasmussen’s recommendation of reconciliation to forgive remains the only viable and practical way to achieve restorative justice, which is the basis of truth and reconciliation process. This is a news article written by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in reflection of the factors that led to the creation of the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The article also identifies and recognizes commissioners appointed to serve in the TRC. According to the article, the move by the Canadian government through court to establish TRC related to the need to reconcile and console aboriginal Canadians who suffered in the Indian Residence School. The mandates of the TRC as indicted in the article were to investigate the reasons that led to the creation of the IRS system of learning and its impacts on the children. The article also reveals series of resignation by chairs of the committee as one of the challenges TRC of Canada faced. This article defines a very important material in facilitating the study bearing the clear information it depicts. Its importance to this study also relates to succinct definition and description of truth and reconciliation process as well differentiating restorative from retributive forms of justice. This article is an interim report of the

Investments and Assessments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investments and Assessments - Research Paper Example responsibility efforts put in by the company yield needed results, the company has its own assessment mechanisms that it uses in measuring the effectiveness of the programs. Commonly, the company would use a qualitative assessment test that compares the corporate social responsibility goals with the larger company business plan to ensure that there is a relation or positive link. Given that the company has set business plans and strategies of becoming a market leader and also expand its profit base, the financial successes and expanded growth experienced by the company in the last five years makes the company conclude that its corporate social responsibility has yielded positive results (Norberg, 2000). From the 2012 sustainability report published by Marriott Company, it can be seen that as many of the company stakeholders that were identified as possible expressed positive sentiments about the impact that the company’s corporate social responsibilities through sustainability is making (Marriott, 2012). This is because the patronizing populace has been identified as people who have become more concerned about the need to trade with sustainability oriented companies and so they have responded to the company’s quest by increasing their patronage of the company’s services and products offered. It can therefore be seen that there exists no differences in the opinions expressed by stakeholders as against the one expressed by the company. Marriott Company. 2011/2012 Sustainability Report. Accessed February 23, 2013 from

From Data to Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From Data to Decision - Essay Example The data sets have been graphed accordingly as histograms in the graphs presented below. The graphs presented above clearly show that the best actors in the range between 0 and 30 are only 3 which represent only 3.8% of the entire data set. In contrasts the best actresses in this classification are 30 that represent 37.8% of the entire data set making it exceptionally high. Furthermore, as the classifications in the best actors categories proceeds the frequency increases most in the range between 31 and 60 with the greatest expansion in the range between 41 and 50 claiming a frequency of 31. In contrast, the best actresses graph tends to display the greatest frequencies between 0 and 41 with a total of 60. This is out of a total of 79 which in turn makes that best actresses graph skewed towards these age ranges. In contrast the best actor graph is somewhat centrally distributed around the 41 to 50

Role Model Essay Example for Free

Role Model Essay Many times in life, we come across a tough, influential person who leaves a great and powerful impact on our lives. Maybe it is an actress, superhero, family, teacher, or just a stranger who did something that changes your thoughts and decisions about life. Fortunately, I came across to someone who supported me from the very beginning of the journey of my life. That person is my beloved mother, who taught me to walk my first steps, who introduced me to the crazy side of life, and who has always been there for me when I needed her. Ever since I could remember, she has been right beside me supporting any goal I was trying to reach, even when it was incredibly ridiculous to everybody else. When I grow old with my own children, I hope I can be there for my kids, and make an unforgettable impact on their lives the way she did for me. I was raised by both of my parents in America after we legally travelled from Malaysia. While my father worked a full time job, my mother stayed home and looked after me. At a young age, I had a large portion of the day with just my mother. I was never a neglected child. She taught me to always carry a smile and to look at the positives in life instead of fretting about the negatives. When I was bored, she would stop her daily chores and watch television with me. If I complained of starvation, she would immediately cook or take me out for food. When I was sick, she took care of me and stayed up all night in case of any bad changes. If I wanted a new toy, she would nag about how hard it is to earn money but she will always end up buying it for me. I didn’t realize at the time, but in my heart, she was already an irreplaceable mother. Eventually, I started to attend school regularly and my mother got a full time job in Long Island. We spent less and less time together, and our relationship began to grow apart. Fights led to more fights up until there was a time when she finally broke down. She told me about all her stress, she told me she wanted things for my own good, and she told me she wanted a bright future for me so I wouldn’t have to work as hard as she did just for a living. After taking all that in, I was very grateful that my mother, who never attended college, was still trying her hardest to help support the family and gaining extra money to buy the things I yearn for. I admired my mother for having the courage to speak up to me even though it was risking between us getting in a bigger fight or me understanding her. Other mothers might be yelling at their kids for coming home past midnight. Even though my mother was angry, she kept up with me. She asked me calmly for the reason and then persuades me into telling her beforehand next time. Other mothers might be throwing out their kid’s make-up, but my mother bought me the make-up along with skincare products and taught me how to use it. Other mothers might be terrified to find out their kids dating at 16, but my mother asked me to take things slowly and try to make the best decisions for myself. Other mothers might complain when their child received a failing grade on their test, but my mother hired a $50 hourly tutor for me to catch up in my class. Other mothers might nag everyday about their kid’s messy room, but I never came home to a messy room before. Other mothers might be whipping their kids when they tell them they won’t be able to start college in time, but my mother is proud I graduated from GED. Everyone has that one special person they look up to as a role model by finding someone who has admirable traits that you want to inquire. This could be someone you’re proud of or does things that you appreciate. My mother taught me the importance of family, and self-respect. She showed me the value of a dollar and proved thee are second chances in every corner of life. She guided me to forgiving people even when I tell myself I would never forgive someone again. My mother had demonstrated how to give back to others in need, even when you can use a little help yourself. She is the most phenomenal mother, best friend, secret-teller, chef, guidance-counselor, teacher, and role model I’ll ever encounter.

Indian Independence And Partition History Essay

Indian Independence And Partition History Essay It began with the idea of Mahatma Gandhi to free India from the control of the British, in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi proposed a non-violence march to protest the British Salt Tax. To understand why the British salt tax was so oppressive to the Indian people, it helps to know a bit about the subcontinents climate and culture. Indias hot weather promotes  sweating, which drains the human body of its salt supply. Since Indians dont eat much meat a natural source of salt they relied on supplementary salt to maintain a healthy amount in the body. Taxing the mineral that Indian people relied on for survival was just one way that the British government kept Indians under its thumb. As salt is necessary in everyones daily diet, everyone in India was affected and upon realizing the scheme of the British, the salt march was set in motion. Before embarking on a 240 miles march from Sabarmati to Dandi to protest the salt tax, Gandhi sent a letter to the Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India, forewarning their plans of civil disobedience: If my letter makes no appeal to your heart, on the eleventh day of this month I shall proceed with such co-workers of the Ashram as I can take, to disregard the provisions of the Salt Laws.   I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous of all from the poor mans standpoint.   As the Independence movement is essentially for the poorest in the land, the beginning will be made with this evil. (Gandhi) Acknowledged of this action, the viceroy could have arrested him easily but by doing so could spark an intense backlash so he only replied: [Gandhi was] contemplating a course of action which is clearly bound to involve violation of the law and danger to the public peace. As promised, on March 12, 1930, Gandhi and 78 male satyagrahis (activists of truth and resolution) started marching toward the Arabian Sea. It has been told that along his way, the roads were watered, and fresh flowers and green leaves strewn on the path; and as the satyagrahis walked, they did so to the tune of one of Gandhis favorite bhajans,  Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram, sung by the great Hindustani vocalist, Pandit Paluskar.  Each village he passed by, he convinced government officials to resign in protest and to encourage people to pledge nonviolence, therefore, more and more men joined the march. On April 5, 1930, after a 24 day-long journey, Gandhi and his followers reached the coast, he collected a chunk of salt and immediately broke the law. No sooner had Gandhi violated the law than everyone started following him, picking up salt off the coast. A month after Gandhi completed his march he was arrested for breaking the law and soon after Indias prisons were full with 60.00 0 others practicing this simple act of civil disobedience. (Hatt, (2002).  p. 33) Women Again, though women were full and active members of Gandhis community, and many were to be closely associated with him over a lengthy period of time, as he went so far to say that the women have come to look upon me as one of themselves., no women were present among the 78 people chosen to accompany him on the march. An explanation for this was that Gandhi felt women wouldnt provoke law enforcers like their male counterparts, making the officers react violently to non-violence. As salt is an important household  necessity, Gandhi strongly favoured the emancipation of women. He especially recruited women to participate in the salt tax campaigns and the boycott of foreign products.( Norvell, 1997.) Sarma (1994) had concluded that by enlisting women in his campaigns, including the salt tax campaign, anti-untouchability campaign and the peasant movement, Gandhi had gave many women a new self-confidence and dignity in the mainstream of Indian public life. Folk Hero Gandhi was portrayed as a messiah (the long-awaited savior of an entire people), a way of incorporating radical forces within the peasantry into the nonviolent resistance movement. It was told that in thousand of villages, plays were performed presenting Gandhi as the rebirth of earlier Indian nationalist leaders, or even as a demigod. The plays built support among illiterate peasants steeped in traditional Hindu culture. Similar messianic imagery appeared in popular songs and poems, and in Congress-sponsored religious pageants and celebrations.  In this way, not only a folk hero image of Gandhi was made, but also, the Congress was seen as his sacred instrument. .( Murali, (1985) Negotiations The government, represented by  Lord Edward Irwin, decided to negotiate with Gandhi. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact  was signed in March 1931. The agreement between Gandhi and Irwin was signed on March 5, 1931. Following are the salient points of this agreement: The Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement. The Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference. The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress. The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses not involving violence. The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement. The pact shows that the British Government was anxious to bring the Congress to the conference table. The British Government agreed to free all political prisoners, in return for the discontinuation  of the civil disobedience movement. Also as a result of the pact, Gandhi was invited to attend the Round Table Conference in London as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. Gandhi was sent by the Congress as its sole representative, but the negotiations proved to be disappointing, for the most part that various other Indian communities had been encouraged by the British to send a representative and make the claim that they were not prepared to live in an India under the domination of the Congress. Furthermore, it focused on the Indian princes and Indian minorities rather than on a transfer of power.  Ã‚  Yet never before had the British consented to negotiate directly with the Congress, and Gandhi met Irwin as his equal. In this respect, the man who most loathed Ga ndhi, Winston Churchill, understood the level of Gandhis achievement when he stated it alarming and also nauseating to see Mr. Gandhi, a seditious Middle Temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of a type well known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the viceregal palace, while he is still organizing and conducting a defiant campaign of civil disobedience, to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor.  The result was unexpected as Gandhi was again arrested, and the government tried and failed to negate his influence by completely isolating him from his followers. (Herman (20080.  pp. 375-377) World War II and Quit India. When World War II broke out in 1939, Britain turned to its colonies, including  India, for soldiers.   His attitude during the war years was difficult to define; he felt very concerned about the rise of fascism around the world, but he also had become a committed pacifist)  For one thing, he would never compromise over pacifism. War, for whatever cause, was in his view a bad thing. Though evil must be resisted, it could never be fought effectively by violence, for violence was the root of all evil. Resistance to Germany and Japan must therefore be by the same means of non-violence which he had himself used in India against the British. No doubt, he remembered the lessons of the Boer War and World War I loyalty to the colonial government during war did not result in better treatment afterwards. The crisis in the war-time relations between Mr Gandhi and the British Government came during the Cripps mission in the spring of 1942. Sir Stafford Cripps took with him proposals for establishing in India immediately after the war Dominion status of full self-government, with the right to declare independence, the minimum provision being made to render the scheme acceptable to Moslems. In March of 1942, British cabinet minister Sir Stafford Cripps offered the Indians a form of autonomy within the British Empire in exchange for military support. The Cripps offer included a plan to separate the Hindu and Muslim sections of India, which Gandhi found unacceptable. The Indian independence movement rejected the plan. That summer, Gandhi issued a call for Britain to Quit India immediately. The crucial issue was immediate independence, on which Congress insisted. This was Gandhis and the Congress Partys most ultimate upheaval aimed at securing the British exit from India. (Gandhi,1990, p.309.) The manner in which British control was to be withdrawn and a provisional Government substituted was set out along with a threat of mass civil disobedience, under Gandhis direction. This made Quit India  the most forceful movement in the history of the struggle, with mass arrests and violence on an unprecedented scale. The colonial government reacted by arresting all of the Congress leadership, including Gandhi and his wife Kasturba. As anti-colonial protests grew, the Raj government arrested and jailed hundreds of thousands of Indians. Tragically, his wife Kasturba died in February 1944 after 18 months in prison. Gandhi became seriously ill with malaria, so the British released him from prison upon realizing that the political repercussions would have been intensive, if he had also died while imprisoned and enrage the entire nation beyond control. Indian Independence and Partition In 1944, Britain pledged to grant independence to India once the war was over. Gandhi called for the Congress to reject the proposal once more, since it proposed a division of India among Hindu, Muslim, and  Sikh  states. As a rule, Gandhi was opposed to the concept of  partition  as it contradicted his vision of religious unity. (Reprinted in  The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas, Louis Fischer, ed., 2002 (reprint edition) pp. 106-108.) When sectarian violence rocked Indias cities in 1946, leaving more than 5,000 dead, Congress members convinced Gandhi that the only options were partition or civil war. He reluctantly agreed, and then went on a hunger strike that single-handedly stopped the violence in Delhi and Calcutta. On August 14, 1947, the  Indian Independence Act  was invoked. In border areas some 10-12 million people moved from one side to another and upwards of a half million were killed in communal riots pitting Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.  According to to prominent Norwegian historian,  Jens Arup Seip there perhaps could have been much more bloodshed during the partition if there hadnt been for his teachings, the efforts of his followers, and his own presence.

Study On The Story Desirees Baby

Study On The Story Desirees Baby The story Desirees Baby was based on Kate Chopins experiences while living in rural Louisiana during the late 1800s. Desirees Baby describes the psychical realism many people experienced during an era following the slavery abolishment. The story describes the problem of racism which interfered with the love and understanding between the Aubiguey family. The point Kate conveys is to question why Armand chose to protect his pride instead of the love he felt for his wife and child. The story revolves around the late 1800s, which was a dramatic time for people shortly after the abolishment of slavery. Emotions toward African Americans had not completely vanished; these African Americans were held at a low class in society during this time period. In Desirees Baby, Desirees husband, Armand, was a wealthy aristocrat who owned a large plantation in Louisiana. Armand portrays many of the same emotions and ideas of a common plantation owner during the era. He believes he has to protect his familys social status even at the cost of his wife and child. Armand further delivers the idea of social theory in the story. Social theory addresses and interprets the thought process during a situation based on rationality and logic. When Armand is introduced in the story, he represents a man of wealth and class. He is described by Desiree to her mother as the proudest father in the parish (Chopin 346). As the story unfolds, it is obvious that Armand begins to suspect that their child is of African descent and is described as absenting himself from home refusing to be in presences of Desiree and their child. When Desiree finally learns of the childs true descent, Armand cruelly answers her It means that the child is not white; it means that you are not white. (Chopin 347). Armand no longer feels love towards Desiree, he is described as no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and name (Chopin 348). Armand feels cruel emotions towards Desiree for disgracing his familys heritage and social status. Later in the story, Armand tells Desiree Yes, I want you to go. (Chopin 348). Armand is unchanged in his ill regard to removed Desiree and their child from the home because his pride was hurt because of the shame brought upon his familys name. After Desiree and the baby leaves, Armand sets a great bonfire containing the richness of a priceless layette. Then there were silk gowns, and velvet and satin ones added to these; laces, too, and embroideries; bonnets and gloves; for the corneille had been of rare quality. (Chopin 349). Armand was purging his life of any of the artifacts left by his wife and child after their departure for he no longer cared for them. In Desirees Baby, true love was one of the problems that Desiree and Armand faced. Desiree was raised by Madame Valmonde after being found lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar (Chopin 345). Valmonde portrays that she fully loves and cherishes Desiree in the story. She tells Desiree My own Desiree: Come home to Valmonde; back to your mother who loves you. Come with your child. (Chopin 348). Years later, Desiree is seen by Armand standing by the exact pillar she was found as a child. As Armand Aubigny riding by and seeing her there, had fallen in love with her. That was the way all the Aubigny feel in love, as if struck by a pistol shot. (Chopin 346). Armand fell in love for Desirees beauty for he later describes The wonder was that he had not loved her before; for he had known her since his father brought him home from Paris, a boy of eight, after his mother died there. (Chopin 346). Armands love is artificial in that he loves only Desirees beauty. Desiree however, loves Armand entirely. Desiree is describes as loving Armand desperately (Chopin 346). She states that When he frowned she trembled, but loved him. When he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God. (Chopin 346). Even as Armand begins to isolate himself from Desiree, she continued to love him. This can be seen when Desiree wrote to her mother explaining the situation stating I shall die. I must die. I cannot be so unhappy, and live (Chopin 348). Another example of Desirees love for Armand is when she turned away like one stunned by a blow, and walked slowly towards the door, hoping he would call her back. (Chopin 348). For Desiree, her love is unconditional towards Armand, whereas his love was superficial. The story also conveys the problem associated from racism. Racism is one of the other main points that lead to Armand and Desirees demise. While Armand believed his child was white, his views towards slavery changed. However, as the child began to resemble an African American, Armand became angered which lead to him to isolated himself from his family. Armand wrongly accused Desiree of being part African descent because of the lack of information regarding her family and heritage. Armand believed that his heritage was from aristocracy and therefore could not be tainted with African descent. Armand is described as no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name (Chopin 348). Armands quick change of emotions towards his wife and child implies that he is racist and therefore views them as an embarrassment. However, at the end of the story, Armand learns from a letter written from his mother to his father stating, night and day, I thank t he good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armand will never know that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery. (Chopin 349). In summary, Desirees Baby written by Kate Chopin describes how pride can adversely affects the values and morals of an individual. In this story, Armand chooses to protect his familys reputation when he finds that his child is born of African descent. In order to protect his social status, Armand makes his wife and child leave home. The point Kate describes is how pride can affect the morals and judgments of an individual set by society. Work Cited Chopin, Kate. Desirees Baby. Millennium Reader. By Terry Hirschberg and Stuart Hirschberg. Fifth ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Education, 2009. 345-349. Print.

flagstone :: essays research papers

Flagstone is used for many different things such as ornamental decoration and paving walkways. Flagstone is a type of sandstone. It comes in random shapes or it is cut rectangular. Some of the colors that it comes in are beige, tan, yellow, and red. Before the flagstone deteriorates or dulls it can be sealed with porous stone sealer, which can be ordered from Aldon Chemical. These seals can increase how long the sandstone lasts. These seals can create gloss, change the color tints, and help resist from the absorption of water into the flagstone which can harm it. To also increase the life span of flagstone a person could used grout or flagstone mortar between the pieces of flagstone for another type of seal. Flagstone or sandstone are siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that are mainly consisted of sand-size grains bonded together by chemical cement or compaction. The different types of flagstone are characterized by color, pattern or shape. Some kinds or flagstone include Tennessee san dstone, rainbow, cherry Log, dark orchard, and dove gray. If it is characterized as â€Å"irregular† than it comes in different shapes. If it is characterized as â€Å"pattern† then it comes in rectangular form. The texture of this flagstone depends on the size and sorting of the detrital grains, and the roundness of these particles. This characteristic depends on how the sediment is dumped. Environments that could harm the hardness or the maturity of the flagstone are places with water such as a river flood plain or swamps. Mature flagstone are clay free and well sorted with a nearly uniform particle size. Super mature flagstone are those that are clay-free, well sorted with well-rounded or smooth sand particles. This type of stone is usually found in sand dunes where wind is able to smooth the sand particles. The prices of flagstone vary between the different types but not that much. A person can by flagstone from a number of places and one major seller is Luck Stone . Flagstone comes in 3000-pound bundles and other large orders like we had in our garden, which is about sixty dollars from Luck Stone. Flagstone is commonly used in gardens, murals and other places like it everywhere. Flagstone can create beautiful sites with mortar, grout, or plants and flowers in between the different stones. Flagstone has other uses also such as building retainer walls or waterfalls. Flagstone is shown though all these different source to be a resource that is valuable to our garden and building society. flagstone :: essays research papers Flagstone is used for many different things such as ornamental decoration and paving walkways. Flagstone is a type of sandstone. It comes in random shapes or it is cut rectangular. Some of the colors that it comes in are beige, tan, yellow, and red. Before the flagstone deteriorates or dulls it can be sealed with porous stone sealer, which can be ordered from Aldon Chemical. These seals can increase how long the sandstone lasts. These seals can create gloss, change the color tints, and help resist from the absorption of water into the flagstone which can harm it. To also increase the life span of flagstone a person could used grout or flagstone mortar between the pieces of flagstone for another type of seal. Flagstone or sandstone are siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that are mainly consisted of sand-size grains bonded together by chemical cement or compaction. The different types of flagstone are characterized by color, pattern or shape. Some kinds or flagstone include Tennessee san dstone, rainbow, cherry Log, dark orchard, and dove gray. If it is characterized as â€Å"irregular† than it comes in different shapes. If it is characterized as â€Å"pattern† then it comes in rectangular form. The texture of this flagstone depends on the size and sorting of the detrital grains, and the roundness of these particles. This characteristic depends on how the sediment is dumped. Environments that could harm the hardness or the maturity of the flagstone are places with water such as a river flood plain or swamps. Mature flagstone are clay free and well sorted with a nearly uniform particle size. Super mature flagstone are those that are clay-free, well sorted with well-rounded or smooth sand particles. This type of stone is usually found in sand dunes where wind is able to smooth the sand particles. The prices of flagstone vary between the different types but not that much. A person can by flagstone from a number of places and one major seller is Luck Stone . Flagstone comes in 3000-pound bundles and other large orders like we had in our garden, which is about sixty dollars from Luck Stone. Flagstone is commonly used in gardens, murals and other places like it everywhere. Flagstone can create beautiful sites with mortar, grout, or plants and flowers in between the different stones. Flagstone has other uses also such as building retainer walls or waterfalls. Flagstone is shown though all these different source to be a resource that is valuable to our garden and building society.

Initiation Story Essay -- essays papers

Initiation Story "A&P", written by John Updike, is based on a moment in the life of a cashier. He was known as Sammy and he referred to his position in the grocery store as a slot checker. Sammy spent his time watching and wondering about customers. One day, while working, three girls dressed in bikinis entered the store and attracted his attention. He describes the three girls movements and watches them as they roam throughout the store. Eventually, the girls work their way to Sammy's cashier station to purchase the item which they have selected. Then Lengel, the manager of the store, enters and embarrasses the girls for their attire. As a result, Sammy quits his job at the A&P. This short story is an example of an initiation story through its use of characterization and plot. Sammy, the slot checker, at the "A&P" evolved throughout the story. Initially, he was only a cashier who was using his idol time to critique the customers who came passing through. His job was beneath his mental capabilities and so this was the only way he could keep himself bu...

Ancient Egyptian Culture Essays -- History, Ancient Egyptian Society

Ancient Egypt was a fascinating and complex place. Luckily for historians, Egyptians had made great strides in record keeping which have made studying their culture and society easier than some previous historical eras. Ancient Egyptians were a people who were intensely religious, deeply divided by gender roles and a strong hierarchy, and quite advanced for their period in terms of their technological and economic innovations. Egyptians were deeply religious, and religion played a role in nearly all aspects of their daily lives. When the ancient Egyptians experienced periods of peace and prosperity, they attributed credit for the success to their deities (Slaughter, 5). The Egyptians experienced centuries of remarkable stability and considered this state to be the ma’at, which was Egyptian for the â€Å"natural order† (Slaughter, 5). Even though they considered good order and balance in their society to be natural, it had to be protected by the pharaoh, who was considered to have been born mortal but imbued with godhood upon receipt of the throne, and was expected to be an earthly presence of the divine (Slaughter, 5). His religious standing gave the pharaoh a unique legal and authoritative position in ancient Egyptian culture. The pharaoh was expected to defend the nation, take responsibility for all administrative duties, declare all of the laws, and own all of the land (Slaughter, 5). For practical reasons, much of the pharaoh’s responsibilities were delegated to a bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5). Within this bureaucracy, staffed mostly by men, success was measured by the degree to which a person promoted order and prosperity within their stewardship (Slaughter, 5-6). Ancient Egypt had a strong social hierarchy, where a small group of... ...rmenting barley and wheat in a similar fashion to modern methods (Discussion, Tad Gale.) Their engineering feats were also impressive, and ranged from the technical prowess that showed itself in their massive pyramids, to the mastery of physics involved in developing advanced chariots that ran faster, quieter, and more stable than their counterparts created by their enemies (Discussion, Blair Vanderlugt). The nature of ancient Egyptian society was quite unique for its time period. Egyptian culture was distinct from neighboring nations, and Egyptians had many advantages that gave them an edge politically and commercially. They were committed to their religion, which touched their lives in nearly every way, they had strong gender and class differences that made them a very divided society, and they had a high degree of expertise in engineering and similar fields.

Computer Games Addiction Essay

There are five aspects of internet addiction noted by Shaw and Black (2008): Cyber sexual addiction, cyber-relational addiction, net compulsions, information overload, and computer addiction. The main subtype we will be looking at is computer addiction, as it is described as â€Å"Many computers come equipped with pre-programmed games and people become addicted to playing them at the cost of work performance or family obligations†. There is a lot of controversy over the overlap of devices in gaming, which has resulted in an ambiguous definition for computer games and computer game addiction. For instance, a game that was made for a video game console now has an internet version, a computer game has moved onto the tablet, gambling has also moved to the internet, etc. We will extend their definition to include all computer games playable on a web-enabled device that is not a video-game console, as computer games are recreational activities that are meant to be enjoyed, and outsi de of educational games have little productive value. The following are in depth examinations of computer-game addiction symptoms as studied by researchers as well as real life-examples. Running Head: Persistence, or behavioral salience, is an activity that dominates a person’s behavior to the point that self-maintenance is neglected. In 1938, Skinner created a device that allowed rats to push a lever that would release a pellet into their cage. Once the rats realized that the action of pressing the lever resulted in a reward, they continued to press the lever until exhaustion. Doing so demonstrated an aspect of operant conditioning called positive reinforcement, in which a reward stimulus will result in the continuation or increased frequency of a behavior. In Loftus and Loftus’ (1983) study, they found similar behavior in humans, except with video arcade games such as Pac-man and Invaders. The reward stimulus is often a higher score, accomplishing a task, or defeating a virtual enemy which causes a feeling of achievement. People would gain injuries by standing in front of a machine for hours and repeatedly moving a joystick or pushing buttons, resulting in blisters, callouses, etc. These injuries were given humorous names, such as Pac-man’s Elbow which refers to a mild form of tendinitis. These injuries have become more varied across different platforms for gaming and computing usage. Commonly cited injuries include tired eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. due to staring at a computer screen and repeating the same keystrokes when playing. Besides repeating an action to the point of self-harm, computer game addiction is more associated with ignoring bodily needs in favor of playing. The BBC (2005) posted an article about a man in South Korea who played for 50 hours straight in an internet cafà ©, and eventually collapsed from exhaustion. He died in the hospital from heart failure. There are several reports of gamers refusing to use the bathroom or using a bottle to release their urine, and eating little food or snacks to nourish themselves; all to remain in front of the computer for a while longer (Chappell et al., 2006). Many of these stories usually stem from developed countries in Asia such Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION Poon 8 as China, South Korea, and Japan where computer gaming is more accepted and popular than in the United States. For instance in South Korea, StarCraft is a popular spectator sport and one needs a license in order to qualify to play as a pro-gamer. Computer Game Addiction has been recognized as a formal disorder in these countries, and the government has taken steps against it by creating programs and clinics to battle against it. In South Korea, after repeated incidents of self-neglect leading to death, and the death of a child that was neglected by its parents, they have enacted policies to fight against computer addiction(Cho, 2010). These policies include opening several counseling centers, boot camps for addicted children and teenagers during summer and winter break, and people under eighteen being prohibited from playing in internet cafes between midnight and 8 am (Bosker, 2010; Cain, 2010). China has also enacted policies that include opening treatment centers and requiring minors to use their government IDs to track and shorten usage (Sung, 2009). The government targets the young, as they are under the care of their parents and are also at risk for computer game addiction (Thomas and Martin, 2010). The popularity and acceptance of computer games in developed Asia, as well as their policies against computer game addiction could be a possible future for America. Risked Relationships In addiction, one may drift away or alienate one’s close relations in favor of the substance or activity. In a two case study by Griffiths (2010), he examined two different sides of the social aspects of computer gaming. The first case featured Dave who began to play World of Warcraft for ten to fourteen hours a day after finishing his degree and before getting his first job. Although he played excessively, he was able to gain and maintain new friends through the game, only played because he was in a situation with a lot of time, and eventually dropped out of playing when he formed new commitments in real life. In the second case, a married man with two Running Head: COMPUTER GAME ADDICTION Poon 9 children named Jeremy, was interviewed. He claimed that he played in order to escape from his problems. In the midst of his addiction he played up to fourteen hours a day, began to lose his close connection with his wife, and called in sick at work in order to play more. He eventually lost his job and his wife. He has since been referred to a clinical psychologist. Although Dave played as excessively as Jeremy, he was able to stop playing and it did not ruin his life. Jeremy’s gaming ended up being both the solution and problem that caused a vicious cycle of abuse which resulted in him losing his family and his work. It has also been reported that several parents have neglected their children in favor of computer and/or internet games. In the case of the Kims, they played a game named Prius, a fantasy, Massive Multiplayer Online Role-playing game (MMORPG). They raised a virtual child named Animus in the game, while only feeding and changing their child in between gaming sessions. The child died due to malnourishment, and they were sentenced to jail. Another parent, a single mother, played a social game named Small Worlds, and neglected her small children and two dogs. The children fed themselves from bean cans every day, and the two dogs died from malnourishment. Gamers often become too invested and immersed in their games, and as they play longer hours they begin to lose contact with their real world relationships. Although in Dave’s experience, in which he displayed excessive behavior, he did not display this addictive symptom. For some gamers, it is possible to play long hours and not be considered addicted, and there are varying levels of risked relationships. In young teenagers, they may simply pass up on family engagement in order to play games (Thomas & Martin, 2010). In the situations of the Kims, Jeremy, and the single mother, they all played excessively and ignored their social responsibilities. The basis of any addiction is the negative consequences that come with using a substance or doing an activity. With pathological gaming, the criteria for it includes resorting to crimes to fund one’s own activity or pay off debts one has accumulated. However, articles in the media indicate a trend that many crimes may occur either due to frustration surrounding the game, or to copycat violent acts from the game. One man in China stabbed his friend because the friend had sold a virtual sword on eBay for money (BBC, 2005). In another case, a mother in Florida shook her 3-month baby to death for crying when she was playing Farmville (CBSNews, 2010). In the instance of grand theft auto, there have been copycats who have set out to repeat the crimes they committed in game; one group of teenagers in Garden City, New York decided to live out the popular action-adventure, crime game named grand theft auto. They committed burglary, beat some men, attempted to steal a car, and even punched a police officer in the face. Their only motivation was that they were bored (Crowley, 2008). There is a media stereotype that violent games will increase a child’s propensity for violence. Markey and Markey (2010) attempted to predict certain personality types that would be most affected by violent video games. They found that those high in neuroticism and low in agreeableness and conscientiousness are susceptible to violent games, but only a few individuals truly act on these impulses in a manner that is noticeable. The individuals that are noted above may have had other disorders which caused them to act in this violent manner. Tolerance Weinstein (2010) conducted a study that looked at levels of Dopamine in both a control group and a group of former ecstasy users. They allowed both groups to play a motorbike-riding computer game and monitored brain chemistry using single-photon emission computed before and after game play. They found that there were increased levels of dopamine in the ventral striatum, which is comparable to amounts produced by amphetamines. Former ecstasy users had little change in brain chemistry, which may be due to tolerance from previous ecstasy usage. The researcher also found that males had greater activation and functional connectivity in the meso-cortico-limbic system than in females. Weinstein (2010) suggests that gaming usage/craving may use the same neurological reward system as substance dependence, that gender differences explain why there are more males playing and addicted to games, and that computer game addicted players may also show reduced dopamine levels after playing computer games due to sensitization. This study may not be very valid concerning the ex-ecstasy group, as they only recruited users and the sample size was small. Thaleman et al. (2007) confirmed these results by examining male computer players of different playing intensities, and seeing how they reacted to computer cues. Using Electroencephalography, they found that the excessive computer game players had stronger cue-reactivity to computer scenes than casual players. They also came to the conclusion that sensitization of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system caused greater computer salience in a similar manner of substance abusers to drugs. Debt In the case of many computer games, you purchase a single game and then you hand out no more money. However, game companies have changed their model to increase profits, and now offer money options to buy more in-game weapons or power-ups, gain advantages within the game, or to renew a subscription to a game. In the case of buying in-game items, children who do not understand money and have access to their parents’ credit card may accidentally rack up a debt (Insley, 2010). They may not understand that money purchased for the game translates into real world money. Furthermore, internet gambling has become increasingly popular and may soon be legal (Jonsson, 2011). It is possible to bid real money and earn money, as well as lose money. The same problems of gambling addiction occur without a casino, and with the convenient use of the computer. Internet gambling may be even worse as it is a solitary activity and it is possible to play for hours or days without anyone seeing or stopping oneself. Furthermore, virtual money that has been converted from real money no longer seems like having monetary value, and thereby creating an inhibiting effect which would cause greater spending. It is harder to determine the difference between 100 dollars and a thousand dollars when it is on the screen, and there is nothing physical within one’s hands. Emotional Dependence. Emotional stability is dependent on a secure attachment to a person or thing (Arntz, 2006). In Griffiths (2010), the case study of the Jeremy demonstrated one of the motives for playing computer games: escape. Computer players may use computer games as a way to solve emotional problems, and to get away from reality. This may create a self-repeating cycle, as the problem is not solved and only delayed which creates more conflict for the individual and cause them to play more. Stetina et al. (2011) looked at male MMORPG game users and found that they tend to have low self-esteem that use gaming as a way to interact socially. In this manner, some or perhaps many gamers are more emotionally and socially invested in their gameplay than someone who does not need computer games to interact. In Hussain and Griffiths‘ (2009) study, they gave an online questionnaire to online gamers of MMORPGs, and found that they displayed behavioral and psychological dependence to gaming. This attachment to computer games may negatively impact one’s work. Thomas and Martin (2010) looked at Tasmanian secondary and college students and split them into groups depending on game play hours. They found that students preferred playing over spending time with friends and family and doing homework which negatively impacted their Grade Point Average. The researchers also found that the college populations used games to escape their problems or unpleasant feelings as well as to chase a higher score. Emotional dependence may be either symptomatic of addiction, or a cause of computer game addiction. Computer Game Addiction – Symptoms, Treatment, & FAQs What is computer game addiction? Computer game addiction generally refers to an excessive, unhealthy amount of playing computer games.Rather than engaging in the real world, an addicted user devotes the majority of his or her time to gaming. The addicted gamer often isolates him/herself from others, ignores more important responsibilities, and is often obsessed with obtaining higher status / rankings / achievements in his/her favorite computer game. Is computer game addiction a diagnosable disorder? According to the DSM-IV (the current manual for classifying emotional, psychological, and mental disorders), no. Although there have beencalls from some mental health professionals (and parents) to recognize computer game addiction as a â€Å"real† disorder, it has not been granted official diagnostic status. As more research on the effects of excessive gaming is conducted, many believe that it is only a matter of time before computer game addiction is classified as a compulsive behavior similar to gambling addiction. What are the symptoms of computer game addiction? Because there is no official diagnosis of computer game addiction, there is obviously no universally agreed upon list of symptoms. Psychologists and other mental health professionals initially adapted the diagnostic criteria for gambling addiction and used this as a rough assessment tool for computer game addiction. This classification approach is rarely used today and for better or for worse, it is essentially up to the individual researcher or clinician to define the symptoms of computer addiction. Still, there are some signs and behaviors that are almost always included in definitions of computer addiction, such as†¦ †¢Significant interference with school, work, or relationships †¢Often avoiding other commitments in order to keep playing †¢Frequently turning down social invitations in favor of gaming †¢Using most or all of one’s free time for gaming †¢Regularly playing late into the night and which results in poor sleep habits †¢Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities †¢Regular gaming â€Å"binges† of 8 hours or more nonstop Who is most at risk for computer game addiction? Although virtually anyone who plays computer games could become addicted (see â€Å"Boyfriend or Husband Addicted to Video Games?†), certain groups appear to be more likely to develop unhealthy levels of play. These groups include: †¢Males †¢Children and teens †¢People with other psychological difficulties (e.g., depression, low self-esteem, anxiety) †¢Individuals with long periods of unstructured time (for example, a teen who is not involved in other activities outside of school) †¢Those with higher levels of neurotocism †¢Children who are more impulsive and have weaker social skills See the article â€Å"Video Game Addiciton Risks Factors† for more information. Why are computer games addictive? First, note that some types of computer games are clearly more addictive than others. For example, most research suggests that MMOs (like World of Warcraft) and FPS games (like Call of Duty) are more addictive than racing games and platformers. For a detailed explanation of why this is, please see â€Å"Why are Video Games Addictive?† In brief though, the most additive video games usually employ many well-established psychological principles to encourage longer and longer periods of play. For example, the most addictive computer games†¦ †¢are based on a leveling system that requires only minimal effort to â€Å"level-up† in the early stages†¦which slowly evolves into very long gaming sessions to reach the next stage as the game progresses †¢are open-ended with no clearly defined end †¢require cooperation with other human players to advance in the game†¦which creates a sense of obligation and dedication to one’s teammates†¦which translates into more and more time strengthening characters and improving skills †¢are based on variable-ratio or variable interval schedules of reinforcement that encourages long periods of gaming even in the absence of rewards

Recreation Wellness Essay

Manage Your Health, Inc. (MYH) is a fortune 500 company that provides a variety of health care services across the globe. MYH has more than 20,000 full time employees and more than 5,000 part-time employees. MYH recently updated its strategic plan, and key goals include exploiting new web-based technology to help employees, customers, and suppliers work together to improve the development and delivery of its health care products and services. The performance of the current intranet MYH is not very smooth and has some problem occur likes lack of the information which related of some sports and the employees of MYH not active involve in any sports which organize by the company. This will indirectly makes the employees of the MYH will become not energetic when perform the daily working tasks due to this, this will make the customer lost confidence on MYH because MYH is a health care services across the globe. So, the MYH decide to update the strategic plan. Some ideas have developed for supporting the strategic goal which idea by the information technology department. Approach of the project: Exploiting new web-based technology to improve the development and Delivery of health like giving some information and guideline to the employee what is the project main purpose. Make an easy way to them purpose. Make an easy way to them hope they can understand well. Develop detailed cost estimate and time requirement for the project and report to the project sponsor. Using the prototyping methodology to performs the analysis, design, and Implementation phases concurrently and repeats them until the system completed. Issue a request to obtain software and hardware Have a status review meetings to exchange project information with team members. Recreation and Wellness Intranet Project is the new web-based technology which provides an application on the current intranet to help employees to improve their health. Our project team will initiate the current problem of the intranet and implement the new idea on the new intranet project. We will prepare the business case for the current intranet project which included the introduction of the company, business objective, current situation and problem and critical assumption and constraints. Besides that, analysis of option and recommendation, preliminary project requirements, budget estimate and financial analysis, schedule estimate, potential risks and the exhibits which will assign it into our business case. We will start this project within the duration, nine months which start on January, 2004 until September, 2004. Project charter will be preparing from the initiating phase which include the project title, project start date, project finish date, budget information, project manager and project objectives. All of the criteria will stated down. Besides those criteria, approach, roles and responsibilities, sigh-off and the comments also assign into the project charter to make sure every of the project team members will have their own roles and responsibilities. After initiating the current problem of the current intranet, we will analysis the new system which will implement it into the MYH. In the planning phase, our project manager, Tony will starting to put the jobs and assign it to the project team members and also from other departments. Tony, the project manager of this project would have to develop a survey to solicit input from all employees about this new system and make sure it was very user- friendly. Tony will develop a team contract and stakeholder analysis for this project. Besides that, he will develop a scope statement and will be as specific as possible in describing product characteristics and requirement, as well as the product deliverables. A work breakdown structure (WBS) will develop for this project and the WBS is based on the project charter, scope statement, and other relevant information. Gantt chart and network diagram also will be well prepared for this project. While preceding the planning stage, the resource usage cash flow report will showing the hours each person is assigned to work on each task each week.  Furthermore, the probability/ impact matrix and list of prioritized risks for the project will be included in the project We will submit weekly milestone reports directly to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The milestone repost for the project will base on information in the Gantt chart. An agenda for the project team meeting will develop to work through some of the challenges while facing in executing the project. Update the scope of the project while having some changes in the executing phase. We will develop detailed lists of assumptions and questions that all the project team has related to the new scope of the project. We will decide to outsourcing much of work related to user requirements, user interface design, and collecting information about similar programs offered through the health club chain MYH recently acquired and all similar community- sponsored programs within twenty miles from the company. Updated the Gantt chart and also the project charter and the scope statement last but not least, we will updated the list of prioritized risks while the changes of the scope statement. After the controlling phase, roll out the intranet project for the user and maintaining the system is been required. Final presentation to top management will be require and will updated the project web site so that is includes all final project and product deliverables. Final project report/ Project assessment: The Recreation and Wellness Intranet project is provide an application to improve the employees’ health. The objectives of having this intranet is because a recent study was been found that MYH, Inc. pays 20 percent more than the industry average for employee health care premiums, primarily due to the poor health of its employees. This application will help improve employee health within one year of its rollout so that can negotiate lower premiums, saving about $30/employee/year for the full-time employees over the next four years. The application would include/produce some capabilities like allow employees to register for company- sponsored recreational programs, such as soccer, softball, bowling, jogging, walking, and other sports. Besides that, it allows employees to register for the company-sponsored classes and programs to help them manage their weight, reduce stress, stop smoking, and manage other health-related issues. Track data on employees involvement in these recreational and health management  programs and also offer incentives for people to join the programs and do well in them is a part of the capabilities of this application. The project is a success because as stated above, the sponsor was not too concerned about going over budget as long as the system would have a good payback period and help promote our firm’s image. We have already document some financial and image benefits of the new intranet site. The project management tools we have been use for are the business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status report, final project presentation, final project report, lessons-learned report, and Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, Project, html, or PDF format, as appropriate. and any other documents required to manage the project. Thos project management had help us a lots while assigning the whole project by proceeding the system easily and be more systematic so that we can review the information easily. One example of what went right on this project is can help improve employee health to reduce intranet cost by negotiates lower employee health care premiums. When employees have a better health, it can lead to better performance in daily company operation. Beside that, it also can increase employee motivation and loyalty to company and helps to built up healthy image public. One example of what went wrong on this project is the cost of this project was over budget. We did meet our schedule goal, and the final cost for the whole system was about $500,000. We group member can learn by working on this project is getting more experience after this project and improving their skill and problem solving. Project Deliverable, as appropriate: Project management-related deliverables: (business case, charter, team contract, scope statement, WBS, schedule, cost baseline, status reports, final project presentation, final project report, and lessons learned report, etc.) Product-related deliverables: 1. Survey: Survey current consultants and clients to help determine desired content and features for the site. 2. Files for templates: The initial site will include templates for the following items: (business case, charter, etc.) 3. Examples of completed templates: The initial site will include examples of projects that have used templates for the following items: business case, charter, etc. 4. File for tools: The initial site will include information on how to use several project management tools, including, as a minimum, the following: work breakdown structures, critical path analysis, cost estimates, earned value management, etc. Where appropriate sample files will be provided in the application software appropriate for the tool. 5. Example applications of tools: The initial site will include examples of projects that have applied tools for the following items: work breakdown structures, critical path analysis, cost estimates, earned value management, etc. 6. Articles: The initial site will include at least ten useful articles about relevant topics in project management. 7. Links: The initial site will include links along with brief descriptions of the site being linked to for at least twenty useful sites. The links will be categorized into meaningful groupings. 8. Expert database: In order to deliver a â€Å"Feedback† feature, the system must access a database of approved experts, their contact information, etc. 9. Intranet site content: The initial site will include content for the templates and tools section, articles section, links section, â€Å"Feedback† section, and security. 10. Test plan: The test plan will document how the site will be tested, who will do the testing, how bugs will be reported, etc. 11. Site promotion: A plan for promoting the new site will describe various approaches for soliciting inputs while designing the site as well as announcing the availability of the new site. Project benefit measurement plan: A plan for measuring the financial value of the site. Lessons Learned Report: Project Name: Recreational And Wellness Intranet Project Project Sponsor: Andrew Chao Project Managers: Tony Prepared by: Tony, Project Manager Chloe, Programmer/Analyst Patrick, Network Specialist Nancy, Business Analyst Bonnie, Programmer/Analyst Project Dates: 7/26/05 Final Budget: $500,000 1. Did the project meet scope, time, and cost goals? We did meet scope and time goals, but we had to request an additional $10,000, which the sponsor did approve. 2. What was the success criteria listed in the project scope statement? Below is what we put in our project scope statement under project success criteria: â€Å"Our goal is complete this project within nine months for no more than $400,000. The project sponsor, Andrew Chao, has emphasized the importance of the project paying for itself within one year after the intranet site is complete. To meet this financial goal, the intranet site must have strong user input. We must also develop a method for capturing the benefits while the intranet site is in development, tested, and after it is rolled out. If the project takes a little longer to complete or costs a little more than planned, the firm will still view it as a success if it has a good payback and helps promote the firm’s image as an excellent consulting organization.† 3. Reflect on whether or not you met the project success criteria. As stated above, the sponsor was not too concerned about going over budget as long as the system would have a good payback period and help promote our firm’s image. We have already documented some financial and image benefits of the new intranet site. For example, we have decided that we can staff the MYH with one less person, resulting in substantial cost savings. We have also received excellent feedback from several of our clients about the new intranet site. 4. In terms of managing the project, what were the lessons your team learned from this project?  The main lessons we learned include the following: Having a good project sponsor was instrumental to project success. We ran into a couple of difficult situations, and Tony was very creative in helping us solve problems. Teamwork was essential. It really helped to take time for everyone to get to know each other at the kick-off meeting. It was also helpful to  develop and follow a team contract. Good planning paid off in execution. We spent a fair amount of time developing a good project charter, scope statement, WBS, schedules, and so on. Everyone worked together to develop these planning documents, and there was strong buy-in. Project management software was very helpful throughout the project. 5. Describe one example of what went right on this project.  One example of what went right on this project is can help improve employee health to reduce intranet cost by negotiates lower employee health care premiums. When employee has a better health, it can lead to better performance in daily company operation. Beside that, it also can increase employee motivation and loyalty to company and help company built up healthy image to public. 6. Describe one example of what went wrong on this project. One example of what went wrong on this project is the cost of this project was over budget. We did meet our schedule goal, and the final cost for the whole system was about $500,000. 7. What will you do differently on the next project based on your experience working on this project? We will do differently on the next project based on this project is give more care and thought this project for about when we do the estimate time requirements and identify required resources and budget. We must very carefully when our choose the resources because we should take budget to identify it and should be wise to control the over-budget.

A Psychology Essay on Dreams Essay

Since the dawn of mankind, man has been searching for the answer to just one question: Why do we dream? I believe strongly that the reason is not clear-cut and as easy to answer as it might seem. I think that dreams range in meaning and importance. When someone has a dream, there are many possible types of dreams they could have. First of these possibilities is for a dream that involves absolutely no meaning whatsoever. The dream is meaningless and involves a chain or series of events that are unrelated to one another and may be of people or places familiar or not. These dreams are most likely created because of the flash and mixture of chemicals that occurs during sleep. Many times these dreams are actually so bazaar that they have no meaning even to the dreamer. So these dreams are mostly just passed over and ignored. The second type of dream is one in which the dreamer can comprehend everything that is going on but things seem to have no meaning as before. But in some of these dre ams, there are symbols that come into play. When you look at these dreams sometimes they can represent real life events. Often these are predictions about what could happen in the future or are an interpretation of things that have passed. These, like almost all other dreams have significance as a result of bodily rejuvenation processes. This type of dream has a significance I believe in helping the person have the feeling of a good sleep, where things have, if not in some bazaar way, been resolved. The third type of dream is one which makes great and perfect sense to the dreamer but doesn’t have any real meaning. An example of this is dreaming that you are flying. Although you know what you are doing, and are comprehending this, it really doesn’t have meaning in your life. Dreams like this can be quite mentally satisfying to the dreamer. Many times a dream like this can be almost a form of entertainment to the dreamer, especially if the dreamer realizes they are dreaming. When this happens sometimes the dreamer will take control of their dream and can do things they would not normally be able to do in real life. Another type of dream is one where the dream has full meaning and the dreamer can fully reali ze everything that happens. Dreams like this can show exactly the way things could happen in the future, or ways of dealing with problems that will occur or have occurred. Many people believe that a dream of this kind could be an actual depiction of the way things will happen. Many people swear to this belief. I personally do believe in this possibility. Basically, I believe that people have not even begun to realize the potential of the human mind. I think that even with as much as we know about technology, it cannot even compare to the power and unlimited ability of the human mind. I believe that many times, our dreams can actually be predictions about the future. Also, I personally believe that the mind can actually solve problems while in a sleep state. I know that sometimes I have gone to sleep with a problem planted in my mind, and would awaken having dreamt of an answer. Many times this would help me to more clearly confront the problem and resolve it. I don’t really believe in any one of the theories about dreaming myself, but rather think that a mixture of all of them is true. What it comes down to is that dreaming is a chemical process that at the same time generates a side-effect that we call dreaming. But the brain itself actually will control this so that it sometimes has meaning to us. I believe that subconsciously we have areas of the brain that are in-tune to things beyond normal comprehension. These areas develop the real meaning of dreams and their significance in our lives.

The Axis were motivated by expansionism

The Axis primary nations were Germany, Japan and Italy.   Allied principles were the United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union.   Each of these entities had their own vision and mission.The Axis were motivated by expansionism.   Germany because of the self perceived humiliation after World War One and the Treaty of Versailles. (Trueman).   Japan was seeking expansionism due tolimitations they felt were on their emperor on the Japanese Islands.   Italy was seeking their own expansionism due in large part also to the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War.Germany was the largest and most powerful of the Axis nations.   The vision of the nation was mirrored in the vision of their leader – Adolf Hitler.   He envisioned a powerful and dominating powerto repeat the glory of the German Empire (1871-1918) and the Holy Roman Empire.   These are the first two empires or Reich.   His motivation to the people was not one of conquest – but on e of regaining what was rightfully theirs before the Treaty of Versailles.To accomplish this he blamed the one group of people in the nation who had prospered since the end of the First World War.   These were the Jewish people.   He was able to unify the people under a common goal (becoming a strong nation again) and against a common enemy (the Jewish people and all who sympathized with them).The Allied nations were unified under the doctrine of protectionism and repatriation of conquered nations that would be sympathetic with the Allied cause at wars end.The United States was initiallymotivated by isolationism – the policy of staying out of the war.   Their sympathies were with the nations that were being attacked   and conquered by the Axis powers.The USA initially wanted to stay out of the war – it was only after they were attacked by the Imperial Navy of Japan did they take an active role in the war.By unifying the peoples of all the Allied nations against possible invasions by the Axis powers, was the United States able to build the coalition needed to defeat the Axis.Individual human rights and national rights were the banners of unification used by the Allied powers.   No individual nation was strong enough to defeat the Axis Powers.   Unified the Allied Nations proved to be an unsurmountable body that was able to ultimately defeat the Axis nations – one by one.BibliographyTrueman, C.   (2000).   History Learnings.   The Treaty of Versailles.   Retrieved February 8, 2009 from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm   

Week 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 3 - Research Paper Example In order to achieve this, the above mentioned functional areas must collaborate and come up with an action plan to implement the collaboration process. The first step of the collaboration process is for the purchase department to provide a list of the purchases they intend to make and how much each is going to cost. This list is taken to the accounting department which authorizes release of the expense money. Once the goods are brought and inventory is done, sales department takes over the day and turn over the money at the end of the day for the accounting department to calculate. The marketing team comes up with strategies to increase customer base and maintain the present customers and this strategies are presented to the accounting department once approved by the management for funding. In order for the above process to run smoothly, they need to have an action plan which should run for several months and if successful, should be implemented. The action plan will involve majorly the accounting, marketing and sales departments. This is because they are important in revenue generation to run the collaboration process. The marketing department will come up with advertisements of discounts, sales coupons and even points that can be redeemed depending on the purchase made. The account department will release funding for this marketing and finally the sales department will handle the discounts, point redemption and sales coupons. The success of this action plan will not only bring in more clients, but will also increase profits for the running of the collaboration process. Lateral collaboration happens among people of the same level at work while vertical collaboration is between employers and employees (Bryson, 2011). In Kudler Fine Foods, lateral collaboration is employed majorly in the kitchen department where the chefs hired share their recipes with the other chefs in the various Kudler stores. This is in order to avoid

BSBWOR501B Manage personal work priorities and professional Assignment

BSBWOR501B Manage personal work priorities and professional development - Assignment Example In addition, these officers also work together with other sales employees in an effort to improve the sales of the organization. Finally, a marketing officer obtains data and makes reports about the marketing strategies of the company. According to Marshall, (2013, p. 44), marketing officers must have adequate knowledge base, skills and experience in marketing for them to succeed in the field. The minimum education qualifications required for one to succeed in marketing is a bachelor’s degree in marketing. In addition, one must possess skills and experience such as skills in research, ability to do analysis and interpretation of information and skills in report writing. One should also have both written and oral communication skills. The marketing officer should have experience in teamwork and possess creative and innovative minds in order to come up with competitive marketing strategies. The personal goals were set based on the organization and team goals. This enables the marketing officer to maintain teamwork cooperation and also achieve the overall organization goals. The knowledge obtained from organization’s training on goal setting was used to set the objectives. In addition, policies of the organization provided direction in planning and achieving the goals in marketing. Finally, according to Mathur, (2006, p. 56), the personal experience and possession of strong power and skills in persuading people to accept things helps in achieving the goals especially increasing the sales volume. Another motivation for setting goals involves the need for personal performance management and the need to offer role modelling to others. This includes performance appraisal to determine achievement of marketing standards. The goals also help in guiding through the work of marketing to avoid wastage of time. The activities are carried out systematically, that is, allocating timeframe for each

Satisfaction Nurse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Satisfaction Nurse - Research Paper Example In such circumstances, late arrival of nurses disturbs the schedule which causes the issues of time management to surface. At the end of the day, this behavior of nurses incurs the hospital many indirect costs, which reduce the profitability of business. On the other hand, shortage of nurses when they are needed on urgent basis is very depressing for the managers and administrators and it also brings a bad name to the organization. Rewarding the employees is fundamental to help them maintain a high self-esteem at the work place and keep their motivation for work high, and the same rule applies on the nurses. Nurses need to be rewarded in order to be satisfied enough to deliver their best at the work place and improve their behaviors in terms of getting punctual and showing readiness to serve when required on urgent basis. In this context, it is obligatory upon every hospital manager to establish an efficient system of rewards for the nurses. The reward can be of any kind ranging from tangible to intangible, and monetary to non-monetary. However, â€Å"Allocating this budget successfully by establishing an acceptable, cost-effective reward system is a true challenge for every hospital manager† (Gieter et al., 2006). ... Answers of these two questions were retrieved from 10 nurses in total. The nurses were required to select one of the two options given against both the questions. In addition, the research participants were handed over a list of 5 rewards that were identified during the literature review and they were asked to rate the extent to which they found them appropriate as reward on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 indicated least appropriate, 2 indicated, not appropriate, 3 indicated appropriate, 4 indicated very appropriate, and 5 meant most appropriate. Data 8 of the 10 research participants referred to punctuality as a more suitable criterion of rewarding the nurses, whereas 6 of the 10 research participants identified non-monetary rewards as more satisfying while the rest thought of the monetary rewards as more satisfying. The data collected for nurses’ perception regarding the relative appropriateness of the 5 types of rewards is displayed in Table 1.1 Rewards N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N 9 N10 Pay increment 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 A day off 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 Praise 3 3 4 4 4 2 3 3 2 3 Rise of grade 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 Flexibility of office timings 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 The average score of the responses received from the 10 nurses was calculated, as shown in the Table 1.2 Rewards Average Score Pay increment 4.4 A day off 1.7 Praise 3.1 Rise of grade 3.7 Flexibility of office timings 1.1 Analysis From Table 1.2, it can be assessed that rewards meant to increase the nurses’ satisfaction in the work place range from most important to least important in this order; pay increment, rise of grade, praise, a day off, and flexibility of office timings. Discussion I think that both punctuality and overstaying when required are equally important in the profession of nursing since the

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business Environment - Essay Example 1 5,6 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. 1 6,7 LO2 Understandthe nature of the national environment in which businesses operate. 2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively. 1 7,8,9,10 2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organisations and their activities. 1 10,11 2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organisation. 1 11 LO3 Understand the behaviour of organisations in their market environment. 3.1 Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses. 1 12,13 3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces shape organisational responses using a range of examples. 1 13 3.3 Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organisation. 1 14 LO4 Be able to assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities . 4.1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations. 2 15 4.2 Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organisations 2 15,16, 4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. ... A business organisation has a boundary, which separates it from its external environment. The main rationale of this assignment is to spot the purposes of business organisation, analyze the criterion used by different types of business organisations to meet the demand of stakeholders, and explain strategies and responsibilities of business organisations, which they use to meet their goals. LO1 Understand the organisational purposes of businesses. Purpose of business organisation      Businesses run to ensure they meet the needs of customers. Therefore, according to many businesses, customers are more essential to a business than stockholders, employees, and managers. Without consumers, entrepreneurs cannot operate businesses (Shorthose & Maycroft 2012, P.33). Therefore, the main principle of business organisation is to ensure that customers experience the best services and are fully satisfied. The organisations vision statement portrays the future state of the organisation. Havin g quality managers and leaders enable a business to create vision and strategy (Fleming 2004, P.4). However, under all business conditions, the purpose of a certain organisation is to ensure that the businesses survive. Business organisation should establish shared values and vision for the businesses (Shorthose & Maycroft 2012, P.35). Business organisation must create mission statement and some commitments to maintain the mission at all the organisational levels. The main purpose of this mission statement is to protect the organisation from being sidetracked and distracted. The mission and values focus on the resources and strategies of the business organisation (Fleming 2004, P.7). The major resources of a business organisation include employees, their experiences, and